UNPS / UNL Orthography
Umóⁿhoⁿ Nation Public Schools and the University of Nebraska – Lincoln use an orthography similar to the orthographic style of Alice C. Fletcher and Francis La Flesche in "The Omaha Tribe".
Syllables end with the vowel and the stress is marked with a non–spacing accent mark.
| Orthography | ||
|---|---|---|
| Symbol | Umóⁿhoⁿ example | notes |
| ◌◌ | ččèshka | Held long unaspirated consonant |
| ◌ʰ◌ | óⁿpʰoⁿ | Aspirated consonant (unicode 02B0) |
| ◌̣ | x̣agé | Muted consonant (unicode 0323) |
| ◌̌ | táx̌ti | Harsh consonant (unicode 030C) |
| ◌ⁿ◌ | óⁿba | Nasalized vowel (unicode 207F) |
| ◌̀ | wèduba | Accented syllable, pitch falling (Grave, unicode 0300) |
| ◌́ | táti | Accented syllable, pitch rising (Acute, unicode 0301) |
| ◌̂ | tâti | Accented vowel in which the pitch rises and falls (Circumflex, unicode 0302) |
| ◌̄ | tāti | Accented syllable with a moderatly long vowel (Macron, unicode 0304) |
| ◌ˀ◌ | tˀé | Glottal stop (unicode 02C0) (possible captial tʡé) |
| Umóⁿhoⁿ Alphabet | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Letter | Umóⁿhoⁿ example | American English examples | notes |
| ◌ˀ◌ | tˀé | uh–oh | Glottal stop |
| a | ská | father, Lisa | vowel |
| oⁿ | óⁿba | yawn, concise, phone | low back vowel, nasalized a; single sound without a distinct a or n (aⁿ in Ponka) zhōⁿ sleep zhóⁿ wood |
| b | bi amá | boy | bi amá they say |
| č | ččèga-x̌či | church | un–aspirated ch ččèga-x̌či - (brand, spanking new) |
| čč | ččèshka | gotcha | ččèshka - short |
| čʰ | iⁿčʰòⁿga | church | aspirated ch mouse - iⁿtšʰòⁿga |
| d | dúba | dog | |
| e | shé tʰe |
weight, Las Vegas, pet |
vowel fourth - wèduba |
| g | égoⁿ | girl | |
| h | huhú | high | |
| i | ní | feet, radiant | vowel |
| iⁿ | wíⁿ | mean, machine | vowel, nasalized i; without a fully pronounced n |
| j | júba | judge | |
| k | ké | skate | un–aspirated k |
| kk | kké | ||
| kʰ | akʰí | kettle | aspirated k |
| m | mí | man | |
| n | nú | no | |
| o | ho | hold, go | vowel; only found in modern Omaha |
| p | pá | spit | un–aspirated p |
| pp | ppá | ||
| pʰ | óⁿpʰoⁿ | pit | aspirated p |
| s | sábe | sun | |
| sh | shé | ship | Larson uses š |
| t | té | stop | un–aspirated t |
| tt | ttāshka | ||
| tʰ | atʰí | top | aspirated t |
| th | tháwa | not in English; ledh, a sound transitioning from l to th (Larson uses r) | |
| u | tú | blue, loot | vowel |
| uⁿ | iⁿgthúⁿga | spoon | vowel, nasalized u; single sound without a distinct u or n |
| w | waˀú | wing | |
| x̣ | x̣agé | sagen in German | soft or voiced x; has been marked as gh, (Dorsey uses x) |
| x̌ | táx̌ti | Bach in German | harsh x; (Dorsey uses q) |
| z | zí | zoo | |
| zh | zhíⁿga | beige, vision | Larson uses ž |
The diacritic marks used here are IPA symbols in Unicode fonts. You can download the font Charis SIL from http://www.sil.org.