UNPS/UNL Orthography
Umóⁿhoⁿ Nation Public Schools and the University of Nebraska–Lincoln use an orthography similar to the orthographic style of Alice C. Fletcher and Francis La Fleshe in "The Omaha Tribe".
Syllables end with the vowel and the stress is marked with a non–spacing accent mark.
Letter | Umóⁿhoⁿ example | English examples | notes |
a | ská | father | |
oⁿ | óⁿba | yawn, concise | vowel, nasalized a; single sound without a distinct a or n |
b | biamá | boy | |
ch | chéshka | church | un–aspirated ch |
chʰ | íchʰoⁿ | church | aspirated ch |
d | dúba | dog | |
e | shé | weight, Las Vegas | vowel |
g | égoⁿ | girl | |
h | huhú | high | |
i | ní | feet, radiant | vowel |
iⁿ | wíⁿ | mean, machine | vowel, nasalized i; without a fully pronounced n |
j | júba | judge | |
k | ké | skate | un–aspirated k |
kʰ | akʰí | kettle | aspirated k |
m | mí | man | |
n | nú | no | |
nʰ | nʰóⁿ | aspirated n; disappearing from modern Omaha | |
o | ho | hold, go | vowel; only found in modern Omaha |
p | pá | spit | un–aspirated p |
pʰ | óⁿpʰoⁿ | pit | aspirated p |
s | sábe | sun | |
sh | shé | ship | |
t | té | stop | un–aspirated t |
tʰ | atʰí | top | aspirated t |
th | tháwa | not in English; ledh, a sound transitioning from l to th | |
u | tú | blue, loot | vowel |
uⁿ | iⁿgthúⁿga | spoon | vowel, nasalized u; single sound without a distinct u or n |
w | waʡú | wing | |
x | sound not in English; should be marked as gh or x̌ | ||
gh | tíghe | sagen in German | soft or voiced version of x; should not be left marked as x |
x̌ | táx̌ti | Bach in German | harsh version of x; frequently left unmarked |
y | ya | yes | |
z | zí | zoo | |
zh | zhíⁿga | beige, vision | |
ʡ | tʡé | uh–oh | glottal stop; also written as t?é |
The diacritic marks used here are IPA symbols in Unicode fonts, they are have been chosen to match current usage. Used by University of Nebraska–Lincoln Omaha Language class, fall 2002 through spring 2004. To display https://umonhon.unl.edu web pages properly your web browser and operating system need to be Unicode compliant and have one of the following fonts loaded; Lucida Sans Unicode, SILDoulosUnicodeIPA or Arial Unicode MS. You can download the font Doulos SIL from https://www.sil.org.